夸克学习×学科网2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国卷）英语学科1.B2.C3.D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。l.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety,including basic bikes with footbrake(刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡)，bikes with child seats,and children's bikes.(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。3.细节理解题.根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour,starting at 1:O0pmevery day..(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D4.C5.D6.B7.A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。4.细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A ditry stream,for example,often became clear after flowing throughplants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process couldbe used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约瀚开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studyingagriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why cancertain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约瀚又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)可知，约翰聪颗好学、好奇心很强。故选C。答案第1页，共11页5.细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks,.John added the sludge..(几个星期后，约瀚把污泥加了进去)以及倒数第三段He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as foodand began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water..(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)可知，约瀚把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态机器。故选D。6.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed agreenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed ancco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约瀚想法的应用。故选B。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening..Then youlet these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair(.你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。8.B9.A10.C11.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including adetailed exploration of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if youdecideit's right for you.(这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。9.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirtydays.At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities thatyou believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.(这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。l0.推理判断题。通过文章第四段n the final chapter of part one,.I''ll guide you through carrying out your owndigital declutter.In doing so,I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to performa digital declutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。答案第2页，共11页夸克学习×西学科网ll.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to builda minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances..(你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。12.B13.D14.C15.D【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧“效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。l2.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errorsaren't always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and come to underestimate.When enough of theseerrors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similarand tend to make the same errors,then their errors won't cancel each other out.In more technical terms,thewisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people s errors becomecorrelated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。l3.细节理解题.根据第二段的“In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates beindependent..(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。)y和第三段的“The key finding ofthe study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly moreaccurate than the average obtained from20 independent individuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也答案第3页，共11页