2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark [A].[B].[C]or [D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-tem memory and theability to think quickly,logically,and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It -1inyoung adulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then -2starts to slowly decline as weage.But-3aging is inevitable,scientists are finding that certain changes in brain functionmay not be.One study found that muscle loss and the -4of body fat around the abdomen areassociated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the-5that lifestyle factorsmight help prevent or -6this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominalfat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data toreported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-aged peopleyearsFor women,the association may be12 to changes in immunity that resulted fromexcess abdominal fat:in men,the immune system did not appear to be 13.It is hoped thatfuture studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for menand women16,there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain leanmuscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18.The twohighly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 ofaerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber andeliminates highly processed foods.1.[A]pauses[B]returns[C]peaks[D]fades2.[A]altematively[B]formally[C]accidentally[D]generally3.【A]while[B]since[C]once[D]until4.【A]detection[B]accumulation[C]consumption[D]separation5.[A]possibility[B]decision[C]goal[D]requirement6.[A]delay[B]ensure[C]seek[D]utilize7.[A]modified[B]supported[C]included[D]predicted8.[A]devoted[B]compared[C]converted[D]applied9.[A]with[B]above[C]by[D]against[B]managed[C]scored[D]played11.[A]ran out[B]set off[C]drew in[D]went by12.[A]superior[B]attributable[C]parallel13.[A]restored[B]isolated[C]involved[D]controlled14.[A]alter[B]spread[C]remove[D]explain15.[A]compensations[B]symptoms[C]demands[DI treatments16.[A]Likewise[B]Meanwhile[C]Therefore[D]Instead17.[A]change[B]watch[C]count[D]takel8.【A]wel-being[B]process[C]formation19.[A]level[B]love[C]knowledge[D]space20.[A]design[B]routine[C]diet[D]prescriptionSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A],BI,[C]orD].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)2Text 1How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?Ithas become a grimly reliable annual ritual:every January the cost of travelling by train rises,imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to getto work or otherwise.This year's rise,an average of 2.7 percent,may be a fraction lower than lastyear's,but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPI)measure of inflationSuccessive govemments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost ofinvesting in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it,rather than thegeneral taxpayer.Why,the argument goes,should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire haveto subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey?Equally,there is a sense that thetravails of commuters in the South East,many of whom will face among the biggest rises,havereceived too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructureof the Midlands and the North.However,over the past 12 months,those commuters have also experienced some of theworst rail strikes in years.It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they aremaking to the network,but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for thesubstantial sums they are now paying to travel.The responsibility for the latest wave of strikesrests on the unions.However,there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected byindustrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.The Govemment has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirementso that,even when strikes occur,services can continue to operate.This should form part of awider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain's railways.Yes,moreinvestment is needed,but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must alsoendure cramped,unreliable services,punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed,orplanned maintenance is managed incompetently.The threat of nationalisation may have been seenoff for now,but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressedin short order.21.The author holds that this year's increase in rail passengers fares[A]will ease train operation's burden