2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark [A].[B].[C]or [D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)It's not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder,1,to understand theirnegative consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple components.2 one andthe others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll 3 see how this works with drivers.Watch peopleget on and show their tickets.Are they carefully inspected?Never.Do people get on withoutpaying?Of course!Are there inspectors to 4that people have paid?Possibly,but veryfew.And people who run for the bus?They are 5 How about jumping lights?Buses do soalmost as frequently as cyclists.Why?Because the target is6 People complained that buses were late and infrequent.7,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and drivers were8 or punishedaccording to the time they took.And drivers hit these targets.But they 9 hit cyclists.Ifthe target was changed to 10,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety,you would get more11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another 12:people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time?Tailwinds?Of coursenot!Airlines have simply changed the time a14 is meant to take.A one-hour flight isnow billed as a two-hour flight.The 15 of the story is simple.Most jobs are multidimensional,with multiple criteria.Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others.Everything can be done faster andmade cheaper,but there is a 17.Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negativeconsequences.This is not an argument against target-setting.But it is an argument for exploringconsequences first.All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors suchas time,money,quality and customer feedback.The trick is not only to 19 just one oreven two dimensions of the objective,but also to understand how to help people better20the objective.1.[A]therefore[B]however[C]again[D]moreover2.[A]Emphasize[B]Identify[D]Explain3.[A]nearly[B]curiously[C]eagerly[D]quickly4.[A]claim[B]prove[C]check[D]recall5.[A]ignored[B]threatened[C]mocked[D]blamed6.[A]punctuality[B]hospitality[C]competition[D]innovation7.[A]Yet[B]So[C]Besides[D]Still8.[A]hired[B]trained[C]rewarded[D]grouped9.[A]only[B]rather[C]once[D]also10.[A]comfort[B]revenue[C]efficiency[D]security11.[A]friendly[B]quiet[C]cautious[D]diligent12.[A]purpose[B]problem[C]prejudice[D]policy13.[A]reported[B]revealed[C]admitted[D]noticed14.[A]break[B]trip[C]department[D]transfer15.[A]moral[B]background[C]style[D]form16.[A]interpret[B]criticize[C]sacrifice[D]tolerate17.[A]task[B]secret[C]protect[D]cost18.[A]leading to[B]calling for[C]relating to[D]accounting for19.[A]specify[B]predict[C]restore[D]create20.[A]modify[B]review[C]present[D]achieveSection IⅡReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A],[B].[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1"Reskilling"is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if weplan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we aremoving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly,as will the requirements of thejobs that remain.Research by WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review,finds that onaverage 42 per cent of the "core skills"within job roles will change by 2022.That is a very shorttimeline,so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individual companies,thetemptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace themwith those whose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given as the goldstandard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with afire-and-hire strategy,ultimately retraining 18,000 employers.Prepandemic,other companiesincluding Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans.When the skillsmismatch is in the broader economy though,the focus usually turns to government to handle.Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best,and have given us a situationwhere we frequently hear of employers begging for workers,even at times and in regions whereunemployment is high.With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed.In February,at 3.5 per cent and 5.5per cent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generationallows and worker shortages were everywhere.As of May,those rates had spiked up to 13.3 percent and 13.7 per cent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared,not all had done so.In the medical filed,to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clearshortages of doctors,nurses and other medical personnel.Of course,it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in afew weeks,no matter who pays for it.But even if you cannot close that gap,maybe you can closeothers,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned.That seems to be the case in Sweden:when forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff,Scandinavian Airlines decided to start upa short retraining program that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff.The effortwas a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.21.Research by the World Economic Forum suggests.[A]a controversy about the“core skills'”[B]an increase in full-time employment[C]an urgent demand for new job skills[D]a steady growth of job opportunities22.AT&T is cited to show[A]an immediate need for govemment support[B]an altemative to the fire-and-hire strategy[C]the characteristics of reskilling programs[D]the importance of staff appraisal standards23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada[A]have appeared to be insufficient[B]have driven up labour costs[C]have proved to be inconsistent[D]have met with fierce opposition24.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was[A]a sign of economic recovery[B]a call for policy adjustment[C]a change on hiring practices[D]a lack of medical workers25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to[A]create job vacancies for the unemployed[B]retrain their cabin staff for better services[C]prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs[D]finance their staf"s college educationText2With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050,and forecasts thatagricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace,food security isincreasingly making headlines.In the UK,it has become a big talking point recently too,for arather particular reason:Brexit.