CET6阅读通关班电子教材主讲：屠浩民欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材新东方在线www.koolearn.com教材说明：本电子教材wod文档下面的页码跟教材完全一样，学员只需根据老师说的多少页找到相应的页面学习即可。请提前预习、认真学习、及时复习，祝广大学子考试取得成功！新东方在线www.koolearn..com]CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列阅读第一部分阅读理解全真试题Unit 1Part II Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B).C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety,but stress seems to affect theimmune defenses of lower animals too.In one experiment,for example,behavioralimmunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager,at the University of Denver,gave mild electricshocks to 24 rats.Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a.wheel in their●enclosure,while the other half could not.The rats in the two groups were paired so that each timeone rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock.Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless ratsbut not in those that could turn off the electricity.What he has demonstrated,he believes,is thatlack of control over an event,not the experience itself,is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree.Jay Weiss,a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine,has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleepdisturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats.But if the animals areconfronted with situations they have no control over,they later behave passively when faced withexperiences they can control.Such findings reinforce psychologists'suspicions that the experienceOne of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response wasdiscovered by chance.In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School ofMedicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneouslyfeeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immunesystems caused stomach upsets.Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains,the mice新东方在线www.koolearn.com]CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列阅读quickly leamed to avoid the sweetener.In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener,Aderreexposed the animals to saccharin,this time without the drug,and was astonished to find thatthose mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioningdied.He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alonenow served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.21.Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn offthe electricityA)was alteredC)was weakenedB)was strengthenedD)was not affected22.According to the passage,the experience of helplessness causes rats toA)turn off the electricityB)try to control unpleasant stimuliC)become abnormally suspiciousD)behave passively in controllable situations23.The reason why the mice in Ader's experiment avoided saccharin was that.A)they associated it with stomachachesWWW.B)it affected their immune systems石C)it led to stomach painsD)they disliked its taste24.The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader'sexperiment was thatA)the sweetener was poisonous to themB)their immune systems had been altered by the mind网C)they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharinD)they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning课25.It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animalsA)can be altered by electric shocksB)can be weakened by conditioning电C)can be suppressed by drug injections教D)can be affected by frequent doses of saccharinQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:列The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue tooccur,,largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing(把…周定)legal responsibility onthose who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon )Attempts to preventpollution by legislation,economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits,personal and industrial denial and long delays-not only in accepting responsibility,but more2新东方在线www.koolearn.com]CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列阅读importantly,in doing something about it.It seems that only when govemment decides it can afford tax incentives or productionsacrifices is there any initiative for change.Where is industry's and our recognition that protectingmankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility?If ever there will be time forenvironmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solveenvironmental problems,that time is now.We are being asked,and,in fact,the public is demanding that we take positive action.It isour responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference.Yes,theecologists,the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate,stimulatethinking and promote behavioral change.However,it is those of us who are paid to make thedecisions to develop,improve and enforce environmental standards,I submit,who must lead thecharge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits,county lines,state or even federal boundaries.We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach.We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions.We must expressour views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present.First,we must continue to press forimprovements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves.Second,we mustinvestigate and understand the link between environment and health.Third,we must be able tocommunicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand.If we can accomplishthese three goals in this decade,maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation,and notmerely hold it back.We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather thanon bandages.26.We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmentalprotection chiefly becauseA)it is difficult for them to take effective measures课B)time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itC)they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests电D)they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing27.The main task now facing ecologists,environmental activists and conservationistsisA)to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection系B)to prevent pollution by legislation,economic incentives and persuasionC)to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standardsD)to take radical measures to control environmental pollution28.The word "tunnel-visioned"(Line 2,Para.4)most probably meansA)narrow-mindedC)able to see only one aspectB)short-sightedD)blind to the facts新东方在线www.koolearn.com]CET6通关班网络课堂电子教材系列阅读29.Which of the following,according to the author,should play the leading role in the solutionof environmental problems?B)The efforts of environmental health professionals.C)The industry's understanding and support.D)Legislation and govemment intervention.30.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A)More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.B)Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.C)Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.新D)Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:British universities,groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers,arewaming that the tradition of a free education is at risk.The universities have threatened to imposean admission fee on students to plug a gap in revenue if the govemment does not act to improve●their finances and scrap some public spending cutbacks.The govemment responded to the universities'threat by setting up the most fundamentalreview of higher education for a generation,under a non-party troubleshooter(调停人，Sir RonDearing.One in three school-leavers enters higher education,five times the number when the lastreview took place thirty years ago.Everyone agrees a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot moremoney-but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much scope for attractingmore finance from business.Most colleges believe students should contribute to tuition costs,something that is commonelsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain.Universities want thegovemment to introduce a loan scheme for tuition fees and have suspended their own threatenedaction for now.They await Dearing's advice,hoping it will not be too late-some are alreadyreported to be in financial difficulty.材As the century nears its end,the whole concept of what a university should be is under themicroscope.Experts ponder how much they can use computers instead of classrooms,talk of theneed for lifelong leaming and refer to students as "consumers"The Confederation()of British Industry,the key employers'organization,wants evenmore expansion in higher education to help fight competition on world markets from boomingAsian economies.But the govemment has doubts about more expansion.The Times newspaperagrees,complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared,with close tutorialsupervision giving way to "mass production methods more typical of European universities."