第三节文章主旨题：做题时要把每段第一句话都有的单词划出来，然后在选项中一定要有这些单词或同义词，一般并不用看最后一句。除非选不出来，再去找例如例子的结论等等。[001]It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and toblame them for most of the misunderstandings between them.They havealways complained,more or less justly,that their parents are out of touch withmodern ways;that they are possessive and dominant that they do not trusttheir children to deal with crises;that they talk too much about certainproblems and that they have no sense of humour,at least in parent-childrelationships.(几个that并列，都不重要，不用看)I think it is true that parentsoften underestimate their teenage children and also forget how theythemselves felt when young.Young people often irritate their parents with theirchoices in clothes and hairstyles,in entertainers and music.This is not theirmotive.They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet beenaccepted.So they create a culture and society of their own.Then,if it turns outthat their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritatetheir parents,this gives them additional enjoyment.They feel they are superior,at least in a small way,and that they are leaders in style and taste.注：1.critical吹毛求疵的，很重要的22.The first paragraph is mainly about(A)the teenagers'criticism of their parents(B)misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents(C)the dominance of the parents over their children(D)the teenagers'ability to deal with crises注：段落主旨，B和C只说了一部分。[002]Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the qualityof the urban environment.Fortunately it is no longer necessary that everylecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea.At present,it is generally accepted,although more as a self-evident statementthan on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof.The recognition of theimportance of greenspaces in the urban environment is a first step on the rightway,this does not mean,however,that sufficient details are known about thefunctions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitantsare using these spaces.As to this rather complex subject I shall,within thescope of this lecture,enter into one aspect only,namely the recreative functionof greenspace facilities.注：GF对城乡环境有重要的贡献。（阅读中名词永远都不重要，不用认识，但是动词非常重要！)The theoretical separation of living,working,traffic and recreation whichfor many years has been used in town-and-country planning,has in my opinionresulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from homewhereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreativepossibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home.We have come to theconclusion that this is not right,because an important part of the time which wedo not pass in sleeping or working,is used for activities at and around home.So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door ofthe house.The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities aspossible,and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activitiescan also have a recreative aspect.The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take apleasant walk in the district,if the children cannot be allowed to play in thestreets,because the risks of traffic are too great,if during shopping you cannowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather,in short,if youonly feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed afteryou.40.The main idea of this passage is that(A)attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities(只有第2段的内容)(B)better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve thequality of our life(C)the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it didmany years ago(D)priority must (be given to the development of obligatory activities[003]There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form ofinactive seeds.There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae()In addition,difficult as it is to believe,there are desert fish which cansurvive through years of drought()in the form of inactive eggs.These arethe shrimps (that live in the Mojave Desert,an intensely dry region in thesouth-west of the United States where shade temperatures of over 50C areoften recorded.The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance ofgrains of sand.When sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake,once every twoto five years,these eggs hatch ()Then the water is soon filled withmillions of tiny shrimps about a millimetre long which feed on tiny plant andanimal organisms which also grow in the temporary desert lake.Within a week,the shrimps grow from their original 1 millimetre to a length of about 1.5centimetres.Throughout the time that the shrimps are rapidly maturing,the water inthe lake equally rapidly evaporates.Therefore,for the shrimps it is a raceagainst time.By the twelfth day,however,when they are about 3 centimetrelong,hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females.Usually bythis time,all that remains of the lake is a large,muddy patch of wet soil.On thethirteenth day and the next,during the final hours of their brief lives,theshrimps lay their eggs in the mud.Then,having ensured that their species willsurvive,the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake,the eggs hatch,and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growth,adulthood,egg-laying,and death.Some years there is insufficient rain to forma lake:in this case,the eggs will remain dormant for another years,or evenlonger if necessary.Very,very occasionally,perhaps twice in a hundred years,sufficient rain falls to form a deep lake that lasts a month or more.In this case,the species passes through two cycles of growth,egg-laying,and death.Thus,on such occasions,the species multiplies considerably,which further ensuresits survival.23.The passage mainly deals with(A)the life span of the Mojave shrimps(B)the survival of desert shrimps(C)the importance of water to life(D)life in the Mojave Desert注：三段出现shrimp,说明本文主要讲shrimp,排除C和D,A选项ife span没出现过。[004]In our culture,the sources of what we call a sense of "mastery"---feelingimportant and worth-while-and the sources of what we call a sense"pleasure"-finding life enjoyable-are not always identical.Women often aretold "You can't have it all."Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is :You chose a career,so you can't expect to have closer relationships or ahappy family life."or "You have a wonderful husband and children-What's allthis about wanting a career?"But women need to understand and developboth aspects of well-being,if they are to feel good about themselves.Our study shows that,,for women,well-being(幸福，being*的状态)has two dimensions.One is mastery,which includes self-esteem ()asense of control over your life,and low levels of anxiety and depression.Mastery is closely related to the "doing"side of life,to work and activity.Pleasure is the other dimensions,and it is composed of happiness,satisfactionand optimism ()It is tied more closely to the "feeling"side of life.The twoare independent of each other.A woman could be high in mastery and low inpleasure,and vice versa.For example,a woman who has a good job,butwhose mother has just died,might be feeling very good about herself and incontrol of her work life,but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources ofwell-being for women,and remedy past mistakes.In the past,women wereencouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being.But we know that both mastery and pleasure are critical.And mastery seemsto be achieved largely through work.In our study,all the groups of employedwomen rated significantly higher in mastery than did women who were notemployed.A woman's well-being is enhanced (when she takes on multipleroles.At least by middle adulthood,the women who were involved in acombination of roles-marriages,motherhood,and employment were thehighest in well-being,despite warnings about stress and strain.40.The most appropriate title for the passage would be(A)The well-being of Career Women(B)Sources of Mastery and Pleasure(C)Two Aspects of Women's Well-Being(D)Freedom Roles Women in Society注：A选项career缩小了范围，B选项没出现woman,.扩大了选项[005]The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially arace to get the best,most innovative products to the marketplace.Marketers inthis environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors'role when making marketing strategy decisions.If major competitors arechanging their products,then a marketer may want to follow suit to remaincompetitive.Apple Computer,Inc.has introduced two new,faster personcomputers,the Macintosh ll and Macintosh SE,in anticipation of theintroduction of a new PC by IBM,one of Apple's major competitors.Apple's new computers are much faster and more powerful than itsearlier models.The improved Macintosh is able to run programs thatpreviously were impossible to run on an Apple PC,including IBM-compatibleprograms.This compatibility feature illustrates computer manufacturers'newattitude of giving customers the features they want.Malting Apple computerscapable of running IBM software is Apple's effort at making the Mackintoshcompatible with IBM computers and thus more popular in the office,whereApple hopes to increase sales,Users of the new Apple can also addaccessories to make their machines specialize in specific uses,such asengineering and writing.The new computers represent a big improvement over past models,butthey also cost much more.Company officials do not think the higher price willslow down buyers who want to step up to a more powerful computer.Applewants to stay in the high price end of the personal computer marker to financeresearch for even faster,more sophisticated computers.Even though Apple and IBM are major competitors,both companiesrealize that their competitor's computers have certain features that their ownmodels do not.The Apple line has always been popular for its sophisticatedcolor graphics,where-as the IBM machines have always been favored inoffices.In the future,there will probably be more compatibility between the twocompanies'products,which no doubt will require that both Apple and IBMchange marketing strategies.30.The best tittle for the passage would beA)Apple's Efforts so Stay Ahead of(既是竞争competition)IBMB)Apple's New Computer TechnologyC)Apple's New personal ComputersD)Apple's Research Activities[006]A new era is upon us.Call it what you will:the service economy,theinformation age,the knowledge society.It all translates to a fundamentalchange in the way we work.Already we're partly there.The percentage ofpeople who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in theWestern World.Today the majority of jobs in America,Europe and Japan (twothirds or more in many of these countries)are in the service industry,and thenumber is on the rise.More women are in the work force than ever before.There are more part-time jobs.More people are self-employed.But thebreadth of the economic transformation can't be measured by numbers alone,because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the natureof work itself.Long-held notions about jobs and careers,the skills needed tosucceed,even the relation between individuals and employers-all these arebeing challenged.We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead.No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways inwhich a single invention,the chip,would transform our world thanks to itsapplications in personal computers,digital communications and factory robotsTomorrow's achievements in biotechnology,artificial intelligence or even somestill unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes.