大学英语四级翻译新题型精选60道专练丝绸之路四合院结构秦始皇陵墓景德镇筷子毕业生过剩中国贸易法定假日中国扇子茶信用卡山体滑坡中国肥胖问题台风“潭美”秧歌快速老龄化中国人均GDP洛阳保健食品中国经济活动放缓灵隐寺少林功夫子女探望父母四合院八大菜系中国出境游茶马古道现代人类全球变暖中国城市化京剧月光族毕业生就业孔子房地产新年剪纸找工作龙图腾秧歌舞长城饺子针灸中国功夫汉字筷子印章天干地支京剧道教中国成语丝绸中国园林笔墨纸砚人口老龄化对外开放假日经济通信科技文化节端午节中秋节l.丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在1877年它被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始，经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线，中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region),，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan),印度，甚至罗马。The Silk Road is a historically important international trade routebetween China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a largeproportion of trade along this road,in 1877,it was named the Silk Roadby an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang'an,then by way of the Hexi Corridor,and it reaches Dunhuang,where it dividesinto three,the Southern Route,Central Route and North-ern Route.Thethree routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,andthen they extend as far as Pakistan,India and even Rome.2.一个标准的四合院通常由一个位于中心的院子和四侧房屋构成。门通常漆成红色，并有大的铜门环。通常情况下，全家人住在大院。北端的正房由长辈居住，年轻代生活在两侧的房子，朝南的房子里，通常是家庭客厅或书房。A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides with ayard in the center.The gates are usually painted red and have large copperdoor rings.Usually,a whole family lives in compound.The elder generationlives in the main house standing at the north end,the younger generationslive in the side houses,and the south house is usually the family sittingroom or study.3.秦始皇陵墓(the Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang)坐落在陕西省西安市临潼区以东5公里的骊山北部，是中国历史上第一个皇帝的最终休眠之地。它于公元前246年开始建造，工程持续了38年。它占地面积56.25平方公里，是中国历史上最大的陵墓。The Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang,located at the northern foot of the Lishan Mountain five kilometers eastof Lintong District,Xi'an City,Shanxi Province,is the final restingplace of the first emperor in the history of China.Its construction lastedfor 38 years,commencing in 246BC.With an area of 56.25 square kilometers,it's the largest mausoleum in China's history.4.景德镇，中国瓷都(ceramic metropolis).,是世界瓷器艺术花园的耀眼明珠。它位于长江南部，是江南一个有活力的城镇。它制造瓷器(porcelain)的历史已经有1700多年，已经形成了丰富的瓷器文化。稀有的瓷器文物，一流的瓷器工艺，瓷乐器的优雅表演，以及优美的田园风光组成了景德镇特别的旅游文化，而且让景德镇成为中国唯一一个以瓷器旅游文化为特色的旅游城市。Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant pearlin the world's art garden of ceramics.It is located on the south of theYangtze River as a powerful tTown on the south of the Yangtze River.Ithas a porcelain making history of over 1700 years,which has beencrystallized into its rich cultural tradition of ceramics.Rare ceramicrel-ics,superb ceramic craftsmanship,unique ceramic customs,gracefulperform-ance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenerymake up the peculiar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence makeJingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.5.说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单，只有两根小细棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑选，移动，夹，搅拌或者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的餐具(tableware)。使用複子的人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都无不钦佩筷子的发明者。As the origin of chopsticks,China is the first country in the world touse chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have mealswith chopsticks.Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small andthin sticks,but it is in possession of many functions,such as picking,moving,nipping,mixing and digging;moreover,it is convenient for useand cheap in price.Besides,chopsticks are also unique tableware in theworld.Anyone using chopsticks,no matter Chinese or foreigners,wouldwithout exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.6.2008全球经济衰退导致中国的新毕业生的就业市场显著下降。2009年毕业的学生将加入到2008年毕业仍在找工作的300万学生之中。毕业生过剩(g1ut)也可以归因于大学入学率的提高和教育机构的增加。虽然大学的学生人数增加了，但是他们的质量并没有明显地提高。在大多数情况下，毕业生无法在2008年找到合适的就业机会是因为他们没有行业所需的技能。The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job marketfor China's new graduates.Students graduating in 2009 will join aroundthree million students who graduated in 2008 and are still seeking jobopportunities.The graduate glut can also be attributed to a rise in thenumber of college enrollments and educational institutions.Although thenumber of college students has increased,there has not been anysignificant improvement in their quality.In most cases,graduates wereunable to find suitable employment in 2008 because they did not have theskills required by the industry.7.对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边(bilateral)贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达到了3150亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(dumping)、知识产权和人民币的估价。For many countries around the world,China is rapidly becoming their mostimportant bilateral trade partner.However,there have been concerns overlarge trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world.The USin particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at$315 billion,more than three times what it was a decade ago.There havealso been a growing number of trade disputes brought against,mainly fordumping,intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.8.中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期，其中包括104天的周末和11天的节假日。中国一年中有7个法定假日，包括元旦(New Year’sDay),春节(SpringFestival),清明节(Qingming Festival),五一劳动节(May Day),端午节(DragonBoat Festival),中秋节(Mid-Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有5至15天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假般约在7月1日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在1月或2月。Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days ofweekends and 11 days of festivals.China has seven legal holidays in ayear,including New Year's Day,Spring Festival,Qingming Festival,MayDay,Dragon Boat Festival,Mid-Autumn Day and National Day.Employees have5 to 15 days of paid annual leave.Students and teachers have summer andwinter vacations for about three months.The summer vacation in Chinagenerally starts around July Ist and ends around August 31st,and thewinter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the dateof the Spring Festival.9.中国扇子的历史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作“扇汗”(Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来“扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称为中山扇(Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard))装饰。The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago,aroundthe Shang Dynasty.The first type of fan,known as Shanhan,was tied toa horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter thepassengers from the rainfall.The Shanhan was a bit like today's umbrella.Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silkor birds5 feathers,called a Zhangshan fan,which was mainly used by theemperor's honour guard as decoration.10.中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年前，中国就有了茶树(tea-shrub),而且有关茶树的人类文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的茶和丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)一样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国重要的出口产品。目前世界上40多个国家种植茶，其中亚洲国家的产量占世界总产量的90%。其他国家的茶树都直接或间接地起源于中国。China is the homeland of tea.It is believed that China has tea-shrubsas early as five to six thousand years ago,and human cultivation ofteaplants can date back two thousand years.Tea from China,along withher silk and porcelain,began to be known the world over more than athousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export.At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asiancountries producing 90%of the world's total output.All tea trees inother countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.ll.信用卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比般贷款要高的利率(interest rate)。遗憾的是，信用卡现已成为资本主义体制(capitalist system)的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费(consumption)的持续增长。Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever cre ated by thebanking system but,at the same time,one of the most danger-ous.Theyallow people to buy things they,otherwise,couldn't afford,with moneycreated by the banks and,charged out at much higher interest rates thannormal loans.Unfortunately,credit cards have become an es-sential partof the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth inconsumption.12.都江堰中兴镇发生山体滑坡(1ands1ide)一一这是2008年四川地震时受灾最严重的地方。山体滑坡覆盖了大约两平方公里，摧毁了至少11所房子。到目前为止，已有200多名居民被疏散。山体滑坡几个小时后，巡逻队员到达现场时，一切都已经是一片汪洋。目击者描述石头和残骸(debris),从山上滚下来，不到三分钟就把八座房屋吞没了。The landslide occurred in the town of Zhongxing is Dujiangyan -one ofthe places badly hit by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.The landslide,whichcovered about 2 sq km,damaged at least 11 homes.So far more than 200residents have been evacuated.By the time patrol members arrived at thescene,a few hours after the landslide,everything was already a vastexpanse of water.Eyewitnesses described stones and debris running downthe hill and covering around eight homes in less than three minutes.