2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance work and leisure.You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Listening Comprehension(30 minutes）SectionADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation,you will hear fourquestions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questionsl to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.B)It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting.C)It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.D)It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.2.A)Physicists'contribution to humanity.B)Stories about some female physicists.C)Historical evolution of modern physics.D)Women's changing attitudes to physics.3.A)By exposing a lot of myths in physics.B)By describing her own life experiences.C)By including lots of fascinating knowledge.D)By telling anecdotes about famous professors.4.A)It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.B)It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.C)It demonstrates how they can become physicists.D)It provides experiments they can do themselves.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.B)He does not know what kind of topic to write on.C)He does not understand the professor's instructions.D)He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6.A)It is too broad.B)It is a bit outdated.C)It is challenging.D)It is interesting.7.A)Biography.B)Nature.C)Philosophy.D)Beauty.8.A)Improve his cumulative grade.B)Develop his reading ability.C)Stick to the topic assigned.D)List the parameters first.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.B)The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.C)The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October.D)The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day10.A)It has created a totally new climate pattem.B)It will pose a serious threat to many species.C)It typically appears about once every ten years.D)It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.11.A)Extinction of Arctic wildlife.B)Iceless summers in the Arctic.C)Emigration of indigenous people.D)Better understanding of ecosystems.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)A good start.B)A detailed plan.C)A strong determination.D)A scientific approach.13.A)Most people get energized after a sufficient rest.B)Most people tend to have a finite source of energy.C)It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.D)It is most important to have confidence in one's willpower.14.A)They could keep on working longer.B)They could do more challenging tasks.C)They found it easier to focus on work at hand.D)They held more positive attitudes toward life.15.A)They are part of their nature.B)They are subject to change.C)They are related to culture.D)They are beyond control.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.Therecordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarkedA),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)About half of current jobs might be automated.B)The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened.C)The job market is becoming somewhat unpredictable.D)Machine learning would prove disruptive by 2013.17.A)They are widely applicable for massive open online courses.B)They are now being used by numerous high school teachers.C)They could read as many as 10,000 essays in a single minute.D)They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers.18.A)It needs instructions throughout the process.B)It does poorly on frequent,high-volume tasks.C)It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.D)It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)The engineering problems with solar power.B)The generation of steam with the latest technology.C)The importance of exploring new energy sources.D)The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20.A)Drive trains with solar energy.B)Upgrade the city's train facilities.C)Build a new ten-kilometre railway line.D)Cut down the city's energy consumption.21.A)Build a thank for keeping calcium oxide.B)Find a new material for storing energy.C)Recover super-heated steam.D)Collect carbon dioxide gas.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A)The lack of supervision by both the national and local governmentsB)The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad.C)The poor management of day centres and home help services.D)The poor relation between national health and social care services.23.A)It was mainly provided by voluntary services.B)It mainly caters to the needs of the privileged.C)It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.D)It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.24.A)Their longer lifespans.B)Fewer home helpers available.C)Their preference for private services.D)More of them suffering serious illnesses.25.A)They are unable to pay for health services.B)They have long been discriminated against.C)They are vulnerable to illnesses and diseases.D)They have contributed a great deal to society.Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)SectionADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Just off the coast of Southern Califomia sits Santa Cruz Island,where a magical creature called the island fox 26A decade ago,this island's ecosystem was in 27.Wild pigs attracted golden eagles from the mainland,and thoseflying 28 crashed the fox population.So the Nature Conservancy launched a 29 war against the pigs,completewith helicopters and sharp shooters.And it worked.Today,federal agencies are pulling the island fox from the Endangered Species List.It's thefastest-ever recovery of a mammal,joining peers like the Louisiana black bear as glowing successes in the history of theEndangered Species Act.But the recovery of Santa Cruz Island isn't just about the fox.The Nature Conservancy has 30 war on a multitude-3-of invasive species here,from sheep to plants to the 31 Argentine ant."Our philosophy with the island has always been,OK,32 the threats and let the island go back to what it was,""says ecologist Christina Boser.And it appears to beworking.Native plants are coming back,and the fox once again bounds about carefree.But keeping those foxes from harm will occupy Boser and her colleagues for years to come.You see,humans are stillallowed on Santa Cruz Island,and they bring dogs.So Boser has to vaccinate her foxes against various diseases."We'reobligated to keep a pulse on the population for at least five years after the foxes are delisted,"says Boser.That includestagg ing the foxes and 33their numbers to ensure nothing goes wrong.This is the story of the little fox that has come back,and the people who have 34 their lives to protecting it.This isthe story of wildlife conservation in the age of mass 35A)aggressiveI)hindersB)chaosJ)mammalC)configurationK)monitoringD)declaredL)predatorsE)dedicatedM)removeF)dwellsN)temptG)extinctionO)underlyingH)fierceSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement containsinformation given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose aparagraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.Do Parents Invade Children's Privacy When They Post Photos Online?[A]When Katlyn Burbidge's son was 6 years old,he was performing some ridiculous song and dance typical of afirst-grader.But after she snapped a photo and started using her phone,he asked her a serious question:"Are you going topost that online?"She laughed and answered,"Yes,I think I will."What he said next stopped her."Can you not?"[B]That's when it dawned on her.She had been posting photos of him online without asking his permission."We'rebig advocates of bodily autonomy and not forcing him to hug or kiss people unless he wants to,but it never occurred to methat I should ask his permission to post photos of him online,"says Burbidge,a mom of two in Wakefield,Massachusetts."Now when I post a photo of him online,I show him the photo and get his okay."[C]When her 8-month-old is 3 or 4 years old,she plans to start asking him in an age-appropriate way,"Do you wantother people to see this?"That's precisely the approach that two researchers advocated before a room of pediatricianslast week at the American Academy of Pediatrics meeting,when they discussed the 21st century challenge of"sharenting,"a new term for parents'online sharing about their children."As advocates of children's rights,we believe thatchildren should have a voice about what information is shared about them if possible,"says Stacey Steinberg,a legal skillsprofessor at the University of Florida Levin College of Law in Gainesville.[D]Whether it's ensuring that your child isn't bullied over something you post,that their identity isn't digitally"kidnapped",or that their photos don't end up on a half dozen child pornography (sites,as one Australian momdiscovered,parents and pediatricians are increasingly aware of the importance of protecting children's digital presence.Steinberg and Bahareh Keith,an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Florida College of Medicine,say mostchildren will likely never experience problems related to what their parents share,but a tension still exists between parents'rights to share their experiences and their children's rights to privacy.[E]"We're in no way trying to silence parents'voices,"Steinberg says."At the same time,we recognize that childrenmight have an interest in entering adulthood free to create their own digital footprint."They cited a study presented earlierthis year of 249 pairs of parents and their children in which twice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parentscould share."The parents said,We don't need rules-we're fine,'and the children said,'Our parents need rules,""Keithsays."The children wanted autonomy about this issue and were worried about their parents sharing information about[F]Although the American Academy of Pediatrics offers guidelines recommending that parents model appropriatesocial media use for their children,it does not explicitly discuss oversharing by parents."I think this is a very legitimateconcern,and I appreciate their drawing our attention to it,"David Hill,a father of five,says.He sees a role for pediatriciansto talk with parents about this,but believes the messaging must extend far beyond pediatricians'offices."I look forward toseeing researchers expand our understanding of the issue so we can translate it into effective education and policy,"he says.[G]There's been little research on the topic,Steinberg wrote in a law article about this issue.While states could passlaws related to sharing information about children online,Steinberg feels parents themselves are generally best suited tomake these decisions for their families."While we didn't want to create any unnecessary panic,we did find some concernsthat were troublesome,and we thought that parents or at least physicians should be aware of those potential risks,"Steinberg says.They include photos repurposed for inappropriate or illegal means,identity theft,embarrassment,bullyingby peers or digital kidnapping.[H]But that's the negative side,with risks that must be balanced against the benefits of sharing.Steinberg pointed outthat parental sharing on social media helps build communities,connect spread-out families,provide support and raiseawareness around important social issues for which parents might be their children's only voice.[I]A C.S.Mott survey found among the 56 percent of mothers and 34 percent of fathers who discussed parenting onsocial media,72 percent of them said sharing made them feel less alone,and nearly as many said sharing helped them worryless and gave them advice from other parents.The most common topics they discussed included kids'sleep,nutrition,discipline,behavior problems and day care and preschool.[J]"There's this peer-to-peer nature of health care these days with a profound opportunity for parents to learn helpfultips,safety and prevention efforts,pro-vaccine messages and all kinds of other messages from other parents in their socialcommunities,"says Wendy Sue Swanson,a pediatrician and executive director of digital health at Seattle Children'sHospital,where she blogs about her own parenting journey to help other parents."They're getting nurtured by peoplethey've already selected that they trust,"she says.[K]"How do we weigh the risks,how do we think about the benefits,and how do we alleviate the risks?"she says."Those are the questions we need to ask ourselves,and everyone can have a different answer."[L]Some parents find the best route for them is not to share at all.Bridget O'Hanlon and her husband,who live inCleveland,decided before their daughter was born that they would not post her photos online.When a few family membersdid post pictures,O'Hanlon and her husband made their wishes clear."It's been hard not to share pictures of her becausepeople always want to know how babies and toddlers(学走路的f孩子)are doing and to see pictures,but we made thedecision to have social media while she did not,"O'Hanlon said.Similarly,Alison Jamison of New York decided with herhusband that their child had a right to their own online identity.They did use an invitation-only photo sharing platform sothat friends and family,including those far away,could see the photos,but they stood fimm,simply refusing to put theirchild's photos on other social media platforms.[M]"For most families,it's a joumey.Sometimes it goes wrong,but most of the time it doesn't,"says Swanson,whorecommends starting to ask children permission to post narratives or photos around ages 6 to 8."We'll leam more and morewhat our tolerance is.We can ask our kids to help us learn as a society what's okay and what's not."[N]Indeed,that learning process goes both ways.Bria Dunham,a mother in Somerville,Massachusetts,was so excitedto watch a moment of brotherly bonding while her first-grader and baby took a bath together that she snapped a few photos.But when she considered posting them online,she took the perspective of her son:How would he feel if his classmates'parents saw photos of him chest-up in the bathtub?"It made me think about how I'm teaching him to have ownership of hisown body and how what is shared today endures into the future,"Dunham says."So I kept the pictures to myself andaccepted this as one more step in supporting his increasing autonomy."36.Steinberg argued parental sharing online can be beneficial.37.According to an expert,when children reach school age,they can help their parents learn what can and cannot bedone.38.One mother refrained from posting her son's photos online when she considered the matter from her son's