2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）Part IWriting(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the importance ofbuilding trust between teachers and students.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200words.ListeningComprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation,you willhear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questionsl to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A).She advocates animal protection.B).She sells a special kind of coffee.C).She is going to start a cafe chain.D).She is the owner of a special cafe.2.A).They bear a lot of similarities.B).They are a profitable business sector.C).They cater to different customers.D).They help take care of customers'pets.3.A).By giving them regular cleaning and injections.B).By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.C).By placing them at a safe distance from customers.D).By briefing customers on how to get along with them.4.A).They want to learn about rabbits.B).They like to bring in their children.C).They love the animals in her cafe.D).They give her cafe favorite reviews.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A).It contains too many additives.B).It lacks the essential vitamins.C).It can causeobesity.D).It is mostly garbage6.A).Its fancy design.B).TV commercials.C).Its taste and texture.D).Peer influence.7.A).Investing heavily in the production of sweet foodsB).Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.C).Trying to trick children into buying their products.D).Offering children more variable to choose from.8.A).They hardly ate vegetables.B).They seldom had junk food.C).They favored chocolate-coated sweets.D).They like the food advertised on TV.第1页Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end ofeach passage,you will hear three or fourquestions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B).C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A).Stretches of farmland.B).Typical Egyptian animal farms.C).Tombs of ancient rulers.D).Ruins left by devastating floods.10.A).It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.B).It is hardly associated with great civilizations.C).It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.D).It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.11.A).It carries about one fifth of the word'fresh water.B).It has numerous human settlements along its banks.C).It is second only to the Mississippi River in width.D).It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A).Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.B).We are always in a rush to do various things.C).The search for tranquility has become a trend.D).All of us actually yeam for a slow and calm life.13.A).She had trouble balancing family and work.B).She enjoyed the various social events.C).She was accustomed to tight schedules.D).She spent all her leisure time writing books.14.A).The possibility of ruining her family.B).Becoming aware of her declining health.C).The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.D).Reading a book about slowing down.15.A).She started to follow the cultural norms.B).She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.C).She learn to use more polite expressions.D).She stopped using to-do lists and calendars.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or fourquestions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A).B).C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I witha single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A).They will root out native species altogether.B).They contribute to a region's biodiversityC).They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.D).They will crossbreed with native species.17.A).Their classifications are meaningful.B).Their interactions are hard to define.C).Their definitions are changeable.D).Their distinctions are artificial.18.A).Only a few of them cause problems to nativeB).They may turn to benefit the local environmentC).Few of them can survive in their new habitats.第2页D).Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A).Respect their traditional culture.B).Attend their business seminars.C).Research their specific demands.D).Adopt the right business strategies.20.A).Showing them your palm.B).Giving them gifts of great value.C).Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.D).Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.21.A).They are very easy to satisfy.B).They have a strong sense of worth.C).They trend to friendly and enthusiastic.D).They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A).He completely changed the companys culture.B).He collected paintings by world-famous artists.C).He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.D).He had the company's boardroom extensively renovated.23.A).It should be sold at a reasonable price.B).Its articles should be short and inspiring.C).It should be published in the world's leading languages.D).Its articles should entertain blue-and pink-collar workers.24.A).He knew how to make the magazine profitable.B).He served as a church minster for many years.C).He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.D).He treated the employees like members of his family.25.A).It carried many more advertisements.B).George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.C).Several hundred of its employees got fired.D).Its subscriptions increased considerably.ReadingComprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for eachblank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the correspondingletter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Did Sarah Josepha Hale write"Mary 's Little Lamb,"the eternal nursery rhyme about a girl namedMary with a stubbom lamb?This is still dispute,but it's clear that the woman 26 for writing it was one ofAmerica's most fascinating 27.In honor of the poem's publication on May 24,1830,here's more about the28 author's life.Hale wasn't just a writer,she was also a 29social advocate,and she was particularly 30 with an idealNew England,which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had"a deep moral influence."she began a nationwide 31 to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while第3页celebrating the 32 festivals.In 1863,after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents,Hale got it.President Abraham Lincoln,during the Civil War,issued a 33 setting aside the last Thursday in November forthe holiday.The true authorship of "Mary's Little Lamb"is disputed..According to New England Historical Society,Halewrote only one part of the poem,but claimed authorship.Regardless of the author,it seems that the poem was34 by a real event.When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816,it caused someproblems.A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event,then,at some point,Hale herself seemsto have helped write it.However,if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted,Hale claimed for the35 ofher life that"Some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem".A).campaignB).careerC).charactersD).featuresE).fierceF).inspiredG).latterH).obsessedD).proclamationJ).rectifiedK).reputedL).restM).supposedN).traditionalO).versatileSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statementcontains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Grow Plants Without Water[A].Ever since humanity began to farm our own food,we've faced the unpredictable rain that is bothfriend and enemy.It comes and goes without much warning,and a field of lush leafygreens one year can dry up and blow away the next.Food security and fortunes depend on sufficientrain,and nowhere more so than in Africa,where 96%of farmland depends on rain instead of theirrigation common in more developed places.It has consequences:South Africa's ongoing drought-the worst in three decades-will cost at least a quarter of its com crop this year.[B].Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty ofanswers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall.She is hard atwork finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and usethem in food crops.As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable insome places,those answers will grow even more valuable."The type of farming I'm aiming for isliterally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry,"Farrant says.[C].Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants.In the rusty red deserts of South Africa,steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth.The hills areremnants of an earlier geological era,scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements.Yet onthese and similar formations in deserts around the world,a few fierce plants have adapted to endureunder ever-changing conditions.[D].Farrant calls them resurrection plants ()During months without water under a harsh sun.They wither,shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves.But rainfall canrevive them in a matter of hours..Her time-lapse(间歇性拍摄的)videos of the revivals look likesomeone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.第4页[E].The big difference between "drought-tolerant"plants and these tough plants:metabolism.Manydifferent kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells.Some plants store reserves ofwater to see them through a drought others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies.Butonce these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply,they cease growingand start to die.They may be able to handle a drought of some length,and many people use the term"drought tolerant"to describe such plants,but they never actually stop needing to consume water,soFarrant prefers to call them drought resistant.(F].Resurrection plants,defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of waterper gram of dry mass,are different.They lack water-storing structures,and their existence on rockfaces prevents them from tapping groundwater,so they have instead developed the ability to changetheir metabolism .When they detect an extended dry period,they divert their metabolisms,producingsugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues.As the plant dries,these resources take on first the properties of honey,then rubber,and finally enter a glass-like statethat is "the most stable state that the plant can maintain,"Farrant says.That slows the plant'smetabolism and protects its dried-out tissues.The plants also change shape,shrinking to minimize thesurface area through which their remaining water might evaporate.They can recover from monthsand years without water,depending on the species.[G].What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick?Seeds-almost all of them.At the start of her career,Farrant studied.recalcitrant seeds(执拗性种子)，"such as avocados,coffee and lychee.While tasty,such seeds are delicate--they cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've evertried to grow a tree from an avocado pit).In the seed world,that makes them rare,because most seedsfrom flowering plants are quite robust.Most seeds can wait out the dry,unwelcoming seasons untilconditions are right and they sprout )Yet once they start growing,such plants seem not toretain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.[H].After completing her Ph.D.on seeds,Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible toisolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient(迅速恢复话力的)and transfer them to otherplant tissues.What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are manygenes involved in resurrection plants'response to dryness.Many of them are the same that regulatehow seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants.Now they are trying tofigure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants-and how to reproduce them in crops."Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes,"Farrantsays."We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch."Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw,they willhave to find the best way to do so in useful crops."I'm trying three methods of breeding,"Farrant saysconventional,genetic modification arid gene editing.She says she is aware that plenty of people donot want to eat genetically modified crops,but she is pushing ahead with every available tool untilone works.Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever versionprevails "I'm giving people an option.[J].Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species ofresurrection plant to use as a lab model.Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for humanmedical treatments,botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse settingto test their ideas for related species.The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studiedresurrection plants so far,with a draft genome(基因图谱)published last year by a Chinese team.Also last year,Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate,Xerophyta viscosa,a tough-as-nail south African plant with lily-like flowers,and she says that agenome is on the way.one or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas-so farmostly done in the lab-on test plots.[K].Understanding the basic science first is key.There are good reasons why crop plants do not usedryness defenses already.For instance,there's a high energy cost in switching from a regularmetabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism.It will also be necessary to understand what sort ofyield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety."The yield is never going to behigh,"Farrant says,so these plants will be targeted not at lowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash第5页