2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Seek to understandothers,and you will be understood "You can cite examples to illustrate your views.You should write at least_150 wordsbut no more than 200.Listening comprehension(30 minutes)SectionADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear fourquestions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questionsl to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)Say a few words to thank the speaker.B)Introduce the speaker to the audienceC)Give a lecture on the history of the town.D)Host a talk on how to give a good speech.2.A)He was the founder of the local history society.B)He has worked with Miss Bligh for 20 years.C)He has published a book on public speaking.D)He joined the local history society when young3.A)She was obviously better at talking than writing.B)She had a good knowledge of the town's history.C).Her speech was so funny as to amuse the audience.D).Her ancestors came to the town in the 18th century4.A)He read exactly what was written in his notes.B)He kept forgetting what he was going to say.C)He made an embarrassing remark.D)He was too nervous to speak up.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)What their retailers demand.B)What their rivals are doingC)How they are going to beat their rivals.D)How dramatically the market is changing.6.A)They should be taken seriously.B)They are rapidly catching up.C)Their business strategy is quite effective.D)Their potential has been underestimated.7.A)She had given it to Tom.B)It simply made her go frantic.C)She had not seen it yet.D)It was not much of a big concern.8.A)Restructuring the whole company.B)Employing more forwarding agents.C)Promoting cooperation with Jayal Motors.D)Exporting their motorbikes to Indonesia.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)It makes claims in conflict with the existing research.B)It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition.C)It cautions against the overuse of coffee and alcohol.D)It shows that"night owls"work much less efficiently.10.A)They pay greater attention to food choice.B)They tend to achieve less than their peers.C)They run a higher risk of gaining weight.D)They stand a greater chance to fall sick.11.A)Get up late.B)Sleep 8 hours a day.C)Exercise more.D)Go to bed earlier.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)All of the acting nominees are white.B)It has got too much publicity on TV.C)It is prejudiced against foreign films.D)Only 7%of the nom inees are female.13.A)22 percent of movie directors were people of color.B)Half of the TV programs were ethnically balanced.C)Only one-fifth of TV shows had black characters.D)Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women.14.A)Non-white males.B)Program creators.C)Females of color over 40.D)Asian speak ing characters.15.A)They constitute 17%of Hollywood movie characters.B)They are most underrepresented across TV and film.C)They contribute little to the U.S.film industry.D)They account for 8.5%of the U.S.populationSection CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.Therecordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)One that can provide for emergency needs.B)One that can pay for their medical expenses.C)One that covers their debts and burial expenses.D)One that ensures a healthy life for their later years.17.A)Purchase insurance for their children.B)Save sufficient money for a rainy day.C)Buy a home with a small down payment.D)Add more insurance on the breadwinner.18.A)When their children grow up and leave home.B)When they have saved enough for retirement.D)When they have found better-paying jobs.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)They do more harm than good.B)They have often been ignored.C)They do not help build friendship.D)They may not always be negative20.A)Biased sources of information.B)Ignorance of cultural differences.C)Misinterpretation of Shakespeare.D)Tendency to jump to conclusions.21.A)They are hard to dismiss once attached to a certain group.B)They may have a negative impact on people they apply to.C)They persist even when circumstances have changed.D)They are often applied to minorities and ethnic people.22.A)They impact people more or less in the same way.B)Some people are more sensitive to them than others.C)A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results.D)A negative stereotype sticks while a positive one does not.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Use some over-the-counter medicine instead.B)Quit taking the medicine immediately.C)Take some drug to relieve the side effectD)Ask your pharmacist to explain why it occurs.24.A)It may help patients fall asleep.B)It may lead to mental problems.C)It may cause serious harm to one's liver.D)It may increase the effect of certain drugs.25.A)Tell their children to treat medicines with respect.B)Keep medicines out of the reach of their children.C)Make sure their children use quality medicines.D)Ask their children to use legitimate medicines.Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)SectionADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The Pacific island nation of Palau has become home to the sixth largest marine world.The new marine reserve,nowthe largest in the Pacific,will--26--no fishing or mining Palau also established the world's first shark sanctuary in 2009.The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its maritime--27--,for full protection,That's the highest percentage of an--28--economic zone devoted to marine conservation by any country in the world.Theremaining 20 percent of the Palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale--29--fishingbusinesses with limited exports."Island--30--have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean,"said President.Tommy Remengesau Jr.in a statement."Creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of Palau recognise as 31 to our survival.We want tolead the way in restoring the health of the ocean for future generation."Palau has only been an 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection.It is home toone of the world's finest marine ecosystems,with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.Senator Hokkons Baules,lead 33 of the Palau National Marine Sanctuary Act,said the sanctuary will "help build a 34future for the Palauan people by honoring the conser vation traditions of our past".These include the centuries-old custom of"bul",where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish_35_an opportunity toreplenish(补充)A)allocateB)celebritiesJ)secureC)commercialK)solitaryD)communitiesL)spectacleE)essentialM)sponsorF)exclusiveN)stocksG)independentO)territoryH)indulgeSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement containsinformation given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose aparagraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.Data sharing:An open mind on open date[A]It is a movement building steady momentum:a call to make research data,software code and experimental methodspublicly available and transparent.A spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community,and is the only way,say advocates,to address a'crisis'in science whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced.Furthermore,they say,itis the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identifylarge-scale trends.[B]The open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers.On the one hand,the drive to share is gatheringofficial steam.Since 2013,global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access toresearch.On the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whethersharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.Asmore joumals and funders adopt data-sharing requirements,and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness,junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out,even as they strive to launchtheir own careers.[C]One key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable.They mustdetermine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration proposal from those who are wary ofor unfamiliar with-open science.And they must learn how to capitalize on the movement's benefits,such as opportunities for more citationsand a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics,such as publication in high-impact journals.[D]Some fields have embraced open data more than others.Researchers in psychology,a field rocked by findings ofirreproducibility in the past few years,have been especially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A fewpsychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in reproducible science-for example,by affixing anopen-data'badge to articles that clearly state where data are available.According to social psychologist Brian Nosek,executive director of the Center for Open Science,the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological Science,which uses the badges,increased tenfold to 38%from 2013 to 2015.[E]Funders,too,are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .Several strongly encourage,and some require,adate-management plan that makes data available .The US National Science Foundation is among these,Somephilanthropic funders,including the Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation in Seattle,Washington,and the WellcomeTrust in London,also data mandate open data from their grant recipients.[F]But many young researchers,especially those who have not been mentored in open science,are uncertain aboutwhether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdocs,who often are working on their lab head's grant,mayhave no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing[G]Some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high,especially at the early stages of a career."Everybody has ascary story about someone getting scooped(a被抢先)，”says New York University astronomer David Hogg.Those fears maybe a factor in a linger ing hesitation to share data even when publishing in joumals that mandate it.H Researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-wondata.""With my institution and teaching load,I don't have postdocs and grad students",says Terry McGlynn,a tropicalbiologist at California State University,Dominguez Hills."The stakes are higher to share data because it's a bigger fractionof what's happening in my lab."[I]Researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view.Once the data andassoc iated materials appear in a repository(),answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.[J]The time investment can present other problems.In some cases,says data scientist Karthik Ram,it may be difficult forjunior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues-many of whom head selection and promotion comm ittees-might ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies."I've heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open dataand code makes traditional academics uncom fortable,"says Ram."The concern seems to be that open ad vocates don't spendtheir time being as productive as possible."[K]An open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration.Kate Ratliff,who studies social attitudes at theUniversity of Florida,Gainesville,says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about openscience and those who don't.There's a new area to navigate-'Are you cool with the fact that I'll want to make the dataopen?-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea,"she says.[L]Despite complications and concems,the upsides of sharing can be significant.For example,when information isuploaded to a repository,a digital object identifier(DOD)is assigned.Scientists can use a DOI to publish each step of theresearch life cycle,not just the final paper.In so doing,they can potentially get three citations-one each for the data andsoftware.in addition to the paper itself.And although some say that citations for software or data have little currency inacademia,they can have other benefits.[M]Many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from beingscooped."This is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it.while discouraging plagiar ism()."says IvoGrigorov,a project coordinator at the National Institute of Aquatic Resources Research Secretariat in Charlottenlund,Denmark.Hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think."The two cases I'm familiar with didn't involveopen data or code,"he says.[N]Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the playing field by gaining better access to crucial date.Ross Mounce,a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the University of Cambridge,UK,is a vocal champion of openscience,partly because his fossil based research on access to others'data.He says that more openness in science could helpto discourage what some perceive as a common practice of shutting out early-career scientists'requests for data.[O]Communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration,he says,Concerns about open