2017年交通银行招聘英语模拟试题及答案（7）
阅读理解 The provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task. But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the ultimate sanction of hunger—the economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separating economics from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longer ask the invisible hand to do our dirty work for us. I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labour resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissez-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a system of “free” labour deserves respect. But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom. Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissez-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force. It would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an instrument of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail. It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field. This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows. 1. The word “sanction”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______. A corrective measures B encouraging methodsC preventive efforts D revolutionary actions 2. Which of the following is implied in the first paragraph? A People used to be forced to work under whips. B The author dislikes the function of politics in economy. C Incentives are always less available than regulations.D People have an instinct of working less and getting more. 3. The author’s attitudes towards future, as is indicated in the beginning of the second paragraph, is one of______. A reluctant acceptance B sheer pessimismC mild optimism D extreme hopefulness 4. The author of the text seems to oppose the idea of______. A free market B military control C strict regulationsD unrestrained labors 5. The last sentence of the text indicates the author’s______. A hatred B affection C stubbornnessD rejection 单项选择 6._______ put great stock in the exchange of business cards at the beginning of a meeting. A.Japanese B.Italians C.SwedensD.Americans 7.Business cards shoud be printed in English on one side and Arabic on the other in_______ . A.Indonesia B.Asia C.Egypt and other Arabian countriesD.Egypt and Indonesia 8.In_______ ，exchanging business cards is common among professional workers.But normally it is not the situation in social settings. A.Indonesia B.Asia C.AustraliaD.Japan 9.In a business letter,the date line consists of the month,day and year.which is the right business style of date line ? A.14 Feb 2011 B.14 February 2011 C.Feb 14,2011D.February 14,2011 10.The salutation is written flush with the_______margin _______space or lines below the inside address. A.left ,two B.left,one C.right,two D.right,one 融大教育·银行人参考答案1.【A】【精解】 本题考查词义的理解。对sanction一词的理解依赖于对整个第一段的理解。第一段第二句提到sanction of hunger，其上文即第一句提到positive incentives(正面激励)，第二句以but为标志出现转折。因此，sanction of hunger与“正面激励”应该是相对照的。第一段最后一句又提到，不能再要求这只无形的手替我们做“惹人讨厌的工作”了。这里“无形的手”指的是上文提到的“sanction of hunger”，由此可知它做的是“惹人讨厌的工作”。综合以上线索，sanction应是一种“负面手段”，通过比如饥饿这样的处罚来达到改善、改进的目的。 2. 【B】 【精解】本题考查推理引申。第一段第二句提到，要找到一种新的经济激励手段来取代传统的饥饿处罚。该段第三句分析了饥饿处罚不再起作用的社会原因，即，这个新社会将经济与政治混为一谈，否认经济秩序的自治权。因此作者对于政治对经济的干预是反感的，【B】在第一段中有所暗示。这种暗示在第二段第一句中“我承认对于社会某个部门可能拥有劳动力管理的最终权力感到恐惧”得到了证实。【A】是根据文中出现的whip(鞭)一词编造出来的选项。其实，whip在本文中是比喻用法，指的是“激励、鞭策手段”。文中只提到incentives，但未将它与regulations作比较，【C】错误。【D】在文中未涉及。 3.【A】 【精解】本题考查作者态度。根据题干定位到第二段开始部分。题干中的future与文中prospect是同义替换。该部分提到，“我承认对于社会某个部门拥有称之为劳动力管理的最终权力的前景，并不像某些人那样觉得恐惧，虽然，恐惧对我来说也是不可避免的”。显然，作者的态度既不乐观也不悲观，只是勉强地接受这种现实。【A】正确。 4.【C】【精解】 本题考查作者观点。第三段倒数第四句提到，在未来社会中，管理的权力应当被看作备用的一种最严厉的制裁，只有在自愿的方法不管用的时候才使用。该段最后两句则通过打比方的手法指出，过于严格的手段就像通过军队纪律集结和部署劳动力一样。它是像计划经济一样的恶梦。因此可知，【C】是作者反对的。第二段第三句提到，自由放任主义(laissez-faire)的经济激励手段代表了那个时代的发展(an advance);资本主义宣称第一次建立的“自由”劳动力(“free” labour)体制值得尊重。可见作者对【A】给予了肯定。【B】只在打比方时提到，不是文中的主要内容。【D】未提及。 5.【D】【精解】 本题考查句意理解。文章最后一句提到，这种像计划经济一样的梦魇，可以留给那些喜欢用稻草人吓自己或吓别人的人。其中this指的是上文“通过军队纪律集结和部署全世界的经济劳动力”。nightmare(恶梦、梦魇)一词表明作者对这种“强制性的经济管理手段”予以否定和拒绝。【D】正确。 单项选择 6-10 A C C D A
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