2017年交通银行招聘英语模拟试题及答案（6）
阅读理解In studying both the recurrence of special habits or ideas in several districts, and their prevalence within each district, there come before us ever-reiterated proofs of regular causation producing the phenomena of human life, and of laws of maintenance and diffusion conditions of society, at definite stages of culture. But, while giving full importance to the evidence bearing on these standard conditions of society, let us be careful to avoid a pitfall which may entrap the unwary student. Of course, the opinions and habits belonging in common to masses of mankind are to a great extent the results of sound judgment and practical wisdom. But to a great extent it is not so.
That many numerous societies of men should have believed in the influence of the evil eye and the existence of a firmament, should have sacrificed slaves and goods to the ghosts of the departed, should have handed down traditions of giants slaying monsters and men turning into beasts—all this is ground for holding that such ideas were indeed produced in men’s minds by efficient causes, but it is not ground for holding that the rites in question are profitable, the beliefs sound, and the history authentic. This may seem at the first glance a truism, but, in fact, it is the denial of a fallacy which deeply affects the minds of all but a small critical minority of mankind. Popularly, what everybody says must be true, what everybody does must be right.
There are various topics, especially in history, law, philosophy, and theology, where even the educated people we live among can hardly be brought to see that the cause why men do hold an opinion, or practise a custom, is by no means necessarily a reason why they ought to do so. Now collections of ethnographic evidence, bringing so prominently into view the agreement of immense multitudes of men as to certain traditions, beliefs, and usages, are peculiarly liable to be thus improperly used in direct defense of these institutions themselves, even old barbaric nations being polled to maintain their opinions against what are called modern ideas.
As it has more than once happened to myself to find my collections of traditions and beliefs thus set up to prove their own objective truth, without proper examination of the grounds on which they were actually received, I take this occasion of remarking that the same line of argument will serve equally well to demonstrate, by the strong and wide consent of nations, that the earth is flat, and night-mare the visit of a demon.
1. The author’s attitude towards the phenomena mentioned at the beginning of the text is one of _____.
A. skepticism
B. approval
C. indifference
D. disgust
2. By “But to...it is not so”(Line 7) the author implies that _____.
A. most people are just followers of new ideas
B. even sound minds may commit silly errors
C. the popularly supported may be erroneous
D. nobody is immune to the influence of errors
3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the statement “There are various... to do so” (Line 17-20)?
A. Principles of history and philosophy are hard to deal with.
B. People like to see what other people do for their own model.
C. The educated are more susceptible to errors in their daily life.
D. That everyone does the same may not prove they are all right.
4. Which of the following did the author probably suggest?
A. Support not the most supported.
B. Deny everything others believe.
C. Throw all tradition into trashcan.
D. Keep your eyes open all the time.
5. The author develops his writing mainly by means of _____.
A. reasoning
B. examples
C. comparisons
D. quotations
单项选择
6.Most Swedes speak and understand _____,so it is not necessary to have your business cards translated into Swedish.
A.French
B.Germany
C.English
D.Spanish
7.This is especially true in Japan, where the buiness card exchange is as ____ as it gets anywhere in the world.
A.formally
B.formal
C.normal
D.normally
8.Never carry your business cards, or place another person's business card in a ___ back pocket.
A.right
B.left
C.front
D.back
9.When you receive a ___ business card, unless you are fluent in ___, read the English side first but definitely turn to the ___ side for the reasons noted earlier.
A Chinese Chinese Chinese
B Japanese Japanese Japanese
C.Germany Germany Germany
D.French French French
10.Which style is widely used in business letters and personal-business letters ?
A.Simplified Style
B.Block Style
C.Modified Block Form with Indented Style
D.Modified Block Style
融大教育·银行人参考答案
1.【A】[精解] 本题考查作者态度。可先将项排除，因为既然作者用大量笔墨和精力来描写说明此现象，就证明了作者对于这一现象持的基本态度是关注而不是漠不关心。文章开头部分的ever-reiterated proofs，definite等词可能会误导考生选择项，应注意在这些表示肯定的词语后面有一个关键的转折连词but。一般情况下，如果首段出现转折性连词，那么转折连词后面的内容才是作者强调的部分。作者转折指出：在充分强调和这些社会标准条件相关的(bearing on)证据时，我们必须小心谨慎，避免陷入常常误导粗心大意的学生的陷井(entrap the unwary student)。接下来出现了以of course为标志的让步表达：诚然，属于大多数人所共有的观念和习惯在很大程度上是合理的判断和实践智慧的结果。但该段末句再次出现but转折指出：但是在很大程度上，情况并非如此。依据该段中的逻辑标志词，可判断出作者对此现象并不持完全赞同的观点，排除项。项是具有明显的情感色彩的词语，而文中作者表达观点的方式非常隐晦，力求客观。项为正确答案。
2.【C】[精解] 本题考查考生的推理引申能力。回答本题的关键在于理解把握but 和so两个关键词的意思和所指。其中，but是转折连词，因此这句话的内容应该与前面所述内容意思相反。So意为“这样”，常指代上文所述内容或观点。所以考生应该重点阅读理解它前面那句话，即：诚然，属于人类共有的观念和习惯在很大程度上是合理的判断和和实践智慧的结果。那么最后一句话的含义是：在很大程度上，这些人类共有的观念和习惯并不一定是合理的判断和实践智慧的结果，项是其概括含义，因此为正确答案。项与文章内容无关;项和项是对文意的曲解。
3.【D】[精解] 本题考查句意的理解。这是第三段的第一句话，其结构颇为复杂，主干成分是There are various topics。especially in history, law, philosophy做状语，意为“尤其是在历史、法律、哲学方面”。Where even the educated people...to do so部分做定语修饰various topics。这个定语从句也是一个复合句，主干成分是even the educated people can hardly be brought to see，句中的 we live among部分做定语修饰the educated people。See后是that引导的宾语从句，其主干结构是the cause why... is by no means necessarily a reason why...，意为“...的原因决不一定非是...的理由”。其中又包含了两个由why引导的定语从句，分别修饰the cause和the reason。整个句子的大意是：对于很多话题，尤其是涉及到历史，法律和哲学方面的话题，即使是我们中间受过教育的人也很难认识到人们持有某种观念或形成某种习俗的缘由决不一定是他们这样做的理由。换言之，很多人持有的观念或形成的习俗不是必然的。再看该句的上文，即第二段末句提到，有一种谬论深深植根于人类的头脑中，认为大家都说的话肯定是真的，大家都做的事肯定是对的。可见，三段首句是延续二段末句的话题展开论述，其中hold an opinion和practise a custom对应上文中的what everybody says和what everybody does。既然是谬论，当然是不合理的。因此三段首句仍在说明：大家共有的或已有的观点和做法不一定合理。项为正确答案。
在文中，作者提到历史、哲学，是为了说明人们这些方面形成的观点和形成的习俗，并未涉及它们本身的原则处理问题，所以项错误，文中提到，受教育的人也免不了和常人一样有这样错误的认识，但不是更容易受错误影响，项不正确。项与文章内容无关。
4.【D】[精解] 本题考查作者的观点。第一段作者提到，大多数人所共有的观念和习惯不一定是合理的判断和实践智慧的结果;第二至三段又提出，认为“大家都说的话肯定是真的，大家都做的事肯定是对的”是一种谬论。文章的最后提到，如果按照上述的推理方式，即大家广泛同意的观点就是对的，那么我们也可以证明地球是扁的，噩梦是恶魔的来访。由此可以看出，作者是在批驳人们思维方式上走入的误区，建议人们用一种更批判更睿智的态度看待那些已经习以为常的观点和做法。而并不建议我们彻底放弃传统、在没有确凿的证据的情况下支持或否定事物和观点。、和项属于较偏狭的观点，不入选。
5.【A】[精解] 本题考查文章的写作方法。在文章的开始部分作者承认观点的部分合理性，转而批驳其错误性，最后得出其错误结论，贯穿全文的写作方法是讲道理。
单项选择
6-10 C B D B B
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