中国唯一没有B车牌的省份，为什么是云南
<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 24px;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">车牌里的字母，往往暗藏城市的“江湖地位”。在大多数省份，B牌几乎都是“第二号人物”。像粤B是深圳，鲁B是青岛，它们不是经济强，就是地位硬。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">可在云南，你却怎么也找不到“云B”。事实上，它并不是一开始就没有“云B”，这个车牌曾经属于一座城市——东川。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">1958年，东川“因铜设市”。但辉煌没能持续太久，东川便成为了中国第一个因为资源枯竭而“消失”的城市。它没有被推平，只是从“市”变成了昆明的一个“区”。这一变化，后来被概括为“东川现象”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">曾经的云南第二城，如今变成了什么模样？这里的人，现在又过着怎样的生活？本期视频，我们来到云南东川，探寻昔日的中国铜都。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="channels_iframe_wrp" nodeleaf=""><mp-common-videosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_iframe videosnap_video_iframe videosnap_video_iframe" data-pluginname="mpvideosnap" data-url="https://findermp.video.qq.com/251/20304/stodownload?encfilekey=rjD5jyTuFrIpZ2ibE8T7YmwgiahniaXswqzkmbs8nooxT86FlxNxW2jDN6MPdIX2ibwTh7jXkCVBicJhxRfSEI7Q61F4612M0TcLAxe3k0fCM1zq3CLibsR56KTA&token=x5Y29zUxcibDJkEDSffg4icN5mNMJEYuHTTu2GoNjlmmibbAxwByTFIA2KiaeWdWqDLSlYDTUKO8XSTjVmB6CajcmWYmwvicD5ICU5g5g13O0ZSfQUjU9nIovyxibO6BZj7eCNBf3ric1uFNsZLaqtlOxycEIMzrfA9kE8eeiaL4pricMXOhViablUo3RZsGkRlJaT34DF&hy=SH&idx=1&m=&scene=2&uzid=1&wxampicformat=503&picformat=200" data-headimgurl="http://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/b2ONlmmVZRq1svkiaaMyJROQ8DuxpIq8tBuibfWAoQNFib9AzJ2qDiayGQ/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8c5e6881ec0d1cd03e831b0774c4af168719e1890eeafc9fd0a4a3ee1@finder" data-nickname="城市漫游计划" data-desc="东川，这座消失的云B车牌归属地，在1958年因矿建市。那时，全国各地的人涌入这里，掀起了声势浩大的“万人探矿”。可惜繁荣没有持续太久，1998年，东川成为中国首个因为资源枯竭而“消失”的城市——被撤市设区并入了昆明。如今其GDP在昆明各区中长期靠后，许多人只能外出谋生。本期视频，我们走进东川，寻找这座“消失”了近三十年的城市。#微信科普时刻 #地理科普 @微信时刻" data-nonceid="5879173004338540304" data-width="1920" data-height="1440" data-type="video" data-id="export/UzFfAgtgekIEAQAAAAAAksotcrBHtQAAAAstQy6ubaLX4KHWvLEZgBPEjYI0NDVQCLaOzNPgMIs6ZAVU8pMCvhQ9dIA7xVa_"></mp-common-videosnap></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 0px 10px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: PingFang SC, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: right;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;font-family: PingFangSC-light;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mguaqmkwoyv" data-mpa-action-id="mguaqmlhhac" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;">点击上方视频，即可观看</span></p></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 0px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="margin: -5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 22px;padding: 0px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">撤市设区，</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">东川如今是什么样</span></strong></p></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">东川在昆明的最北侧，与市区相隔约150公里。我们落地后租车启程，从长水机场一路北上。落地时还淅淅沥沥下着小雨，没想到一路驶去天色渐开。两个多小时的车程后，我们终于抵达了东川。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">趁着天色还没完全暗下来，在酒店办理完入住后，我们准备在城区转一转。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">整个城区肉眼看上去人并不多，但几乎每到一个路口，就能看到一个洗手台。当地人介绍，这些洗手台集中出现在疫情期间。2020年，云南省开始推进爱国卫生“7个专项行动”，当年昆明便开始在全城铺设公共洗手设施。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">在洗手台一侧的维护管理公示牌上，可以看到洗手台对应的明确责任人。我们凑过去试了一下，出水口感应灵敏，手一伸，水就流下来。洗手液也摆在旁边，随时可用。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">比洗手台更多的，是随处可见的坡。东川位于云贵高原北端，山地起伏大、地形复杂，城区纵向的街道几乎全部都是上下坡。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">东川区位于昆明市最北端，为典型的高山深谷地貌</span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">远远看坡度不算大，一旦走起来，却并不比跑步机的爬坡训练轻松。同事老李一边喘气一边吐槽：“它不是一个小坡爬完就没了，它是坡上跟着坡，延绵不绝的坡。”</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">复杂破碎的山地地貌，却孕育出富集的铜矿资源。东川，因矿而兴。清代时，全国每十枚铜币里，就有七枚产自这里，“天南铜都”之名由此而来。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">《东川市志》也记载：“东川是一座以产铜为主的工矿城市”</span><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 },namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:p,attributes:{style:white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}]"></span><span leaf="">。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">如今的东川城区的一条主干道，道路宽阔，两侧绿树成行</span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">如今的城区，当地人仍习惯称作“新村”。这里曾是东川的市中心，至今还能看到那些被时代镌刻的印记：工人剪影的壁画、带着“铜”字的街牌、象征矿业的雕塑，以及那座依旧灯火可见的铜都大酒店。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">天色一点点暗下来，我们沿着古铜路找到一家小馆。两人点了牛干巴、炒牛肉和炒空心菜，分量刚刚好。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">点菜时，我们问老板牛干巴是什么，她想了想也没找到精准的说法。其实，牛干巴就是将牛肉用盐、花椒等调料腌制后，再风干或煎炸而成。虽然叫“干巴”，口感却并不干巴，而且越嚼越有咸香味。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">云南特色小吃“牛干巴”</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">老板说，这家店已经开了二十六年。聊起东川，她随口补充道：“东川市，现在改成区了。”</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 0px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="margin: -5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 22px;padding: 0px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">曾经的矿业重镇，</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">从万人喧嚣到沉寂无声</span></strong></p></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">吃饱喝足，休整一晚后，第二天一大早，我们前往距离城区40公里外的汤丹镇。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">从明清时期起，东川各地矿山所生产的铜，大多要集中到汤丹，再由这里起运到其他地方。汤丹铜厂还是清代全国第一大铜厂。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">汤丹镇航拍，汤丹地势由西向东倾斜，最高处海拔能达到4288米</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">1953年，东川矿务局正式成立，汤丹便长期成为矿务局机关所在地。1958年，东川因矿设市，市政府有段时间也设立在汤丹。汤丹，是新中国成立后东川铜矿的核心生产区。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">毫不夸张地说，曾经的汤丹是东川这座城市的“心脏”。要寻找“东川市”，汤丹是抹不去的存在。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">从东川城区往汤丹去，车子一路向上爬行，矿山路蜿蜒陡峭。行至“邓汤段”，连续的大弯接踵而至，路况明显变得难开起来。同事老李依旧波澜不惊，我却在副驾上坐得心惊胆战。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">进入汤丹的V字形弯道，右侧临谷，行车难度较大</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">公路两侧，山体裸露出褐色的破碎岩层，其间零星分布着耐旱的灌木和龙舌兰属植物，隐约透出一股矿区气息。汤丹依山而建，海拔约2200米。我们刚一抵达，小镇便被翻涌的云雾裹了起来。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">我和同事老李感慨，还好赶在大雾上来前进了汤丹，不然这一路开起来得更难。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">废弃的楼房、破败的厂区、字迹斑驳的老旧门牌，依稀能看出这里曾经是一座矿业重镇。只是，昔日的热闹过去，如今这里只剩斑驳的铁锈与呼啸的山风，整座小镇看不见几个人。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">在这片沉寂之中，只有菜市场还保留着些许烟火气，这样也是如今汤丹最热闹、最能看到人气的地方。蔬果摊沿着台阶铺开，牛肉摊挂着新鲜的牛肉。老板支着炉火，就地现烤，油脂滴落在铁网上“滋滋”作响。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">与菜市场一墙之隔的，便是汤丹铜文化馆，这里原是前苏联专家招待所。上世纪五十年代，苏联专家赴汤丹指导矿山生产，东川矿区筹备组用了半年时间，修建了两栋苏联专家楼。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">位于汤丹的前苏联招待所，总共两层楼，如今被作为汤丹铜文化馆</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">建筑位于菜园社区，距政府办公楼东行约200米，分南北两院。北院为招待所，南院是活动室，在那个年代的汤丹，这样的楼房并不多见。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">如今院内花草仍郁郁葱葱，馆内却空无一人。我们推门开灯，“自助式”参观：简易木床、旧书桌椅，保留着苏联专家下榻时的模样；其他陈列，则记录着东川矿业的历史。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">这里常年由两位老人守护，看门的阿姨告诉我们，她是这里的农民。矿山倒闭后，菜不好卖了，人也一村村地搬往东川城区。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">和寂寥的现在不同，曾经的汤丹光是矿区职工就有上万人。东川矿务局成立后，全国之力支援东川，展开了声势浩大的“万人探矿”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">汤丹“综合商场”的老板，正是在那个年代，随父母来到的东川，她直言：“那个时候是无条件的，一声令下就全部来了。”</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">从汤丹矿山建设时期存在至今的“综合商场”</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">在她的讲述中，矿山建设时期汤丹人的生活样貌浮现出来。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">“这家‘综合商场’，你们一看这个房子就清楚了，是80年代初的东西。外面做的是水刷石，里面是水磨石。东川矿务局刚建矿那会儿，就把这个商业‘部门’建起来了，专门给矿山服务的。”</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">曾经的东川矿务局机关所在地</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">“综合商场”旁边，现在是汤丹的政府办公地。以前那里是东川矿务局的办公室，当时不过两层砖瓦房，1994年才拆了重建。再往旁边，则是环保站。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">那时候职工的休闲活动，主要集中在“灯光球场”。下了班，大家就在这儿打篮球、打网球，晚上有时还会放露天电影。汤丹当时还有一座电影院，就在灯光球场对面，大概就是现在信用社附近的位置。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">曾经热闹的汤丹“灯光球场”，如今也安静了下来</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">她回忆说，汤丹曾是东川几大矿山的中心，医院、学校、职工宿舍、食堂等配套一应俱全。像铜矿医院、（原）东川一中，都是当年苏联专家参与建设的，那时的东川一中，也算是条件不错的学校。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;" data-pm-slice="4 7 },namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}]"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">东川一中创建于1955年，后更名为汤丹中学，原东川三中更名为现东川一中</span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">我又问她，以前的职工宿舍都在哪儿。阿姨指了指眼前，说这些地方以前全都是。现在看着空旷多了，以前却到处都是人。只要有一小块平地，一家人就能住下，搭得随意，条件也很艰苦。十多年前，国家在原来的基础上统一建了安置房。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">她忍不住感慨道：“五湖四海的人都来这个地方，相当热闹的，那个时候大家都穷，但也真的很快乐。”</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 0px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="margin: -5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 22px;padding: 0px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">矿带来荣耀，</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">也带来创伤</span></strong></p></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">好景不长，上世纪90年代初，东川的铜矿资源逐渐耗尽，接下来十年，东川矿务局亏损两亿多元，最终走向破产。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">矿务局一破产，大批职工就四散而去，就连当地人也搬走了。曾经灯火通明的矿区，在时代的转弯处骤然熄灭。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">1998年，东川撤市设区，划归昆明。失去了铜矿的支撑，如今东川的GDP在昆明各区中几乎垫底。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">产业式微，不少人只能外出打工寻求生计。根据七普数据，全区常住人口仅26.07万，比六普减少1.1万人，下降4.11%。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">从撤市设区到现在，已过去近三十年。很多年轻人，早就不清楚这里的过往。不过，在普通人眼里，是市还是区并没那么关键，更重要的，还是日子过得好不好。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">古铜路旁的东川火车站建于1972年，候车室为典型苏式红砖红瓦。如今，这座车站的客运早已停摆，只剩货运在维持，候车室大门紧闭，出站口也已废弃多年。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">在空荡的站前广场，我们遇到了两位遛娃散步的阿姨。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">问起东川从“市”变成“区”的影响，其中一位摆摆手说：“是不是市和区，这倒没关系。主要是现在东川经济，矿山停了影响大。”</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">过去，东川靠矿吃矿。如今，第三产业渐渐成为主力。而多年采铜留下的伤痕，却意外孕育出东川别具一格的红土地景观。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">东川最后一站，我们来到了落霞沟红土地景区。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">门票40元，观光车20元，本地人代买还能半价。景区里游客不多，与我们同乘游览车的，是一对从广东来的夫妇和他们请的地陪大哥。我们索性结伴同行，顺便“蹭”了解说。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">与其说这是个景区，不如说是一处视野极为开阔的观景平台。层层梯田顺着山势铺展，红色土地环绕着村庄，如一幅巨大的油画铺陈眼前，也难怪被称作“上帝打翻的调色盘”。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">景区里仍有村民生活，放牛、耕作。地陪大哥告诉我们：“这是他们世世代代生活的地方，昆明的一个摄影家来这里拍了之后，发到《中国国家地理》上面，就出名了。”</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5%;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 5px 0px 10px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 95%;padding: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">景区内当地村民养的牛</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">他说着，又指向眼前的大峡谷补充道：“以前这些地方全是森林，为了造铜把那个森林砍光掉了。东川大峡谷属于干热河谷地带，这边山上可能只有几度、十几度，山脚下却有二十多度，西瓜都能种。”</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">目前东川区全面宣传推广当地红土地旅游，但想把旅游真正做热，并不容易——无论从昆明来，还是从东川城区出发，都没有直达客车，只能包车或自驾。山路狭窄，夏季泥石流频发，交通时常中断。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">交通条件的限制，让这里更像是一处“被看到”，却仍难以被轻易抵达的目的地。在这样的现实之下，东川要借助旅游重振经济，显然并不轻松。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">这趟东川之行，我一直在想：当一座城市“消失”之后，它的未来还能走向哪里。直到站在红土地景区附近那棵老龙树前，心里才慢慢有了答案。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">电影《无问西东》曾在此取景拍摄。但比起电影取景地的身份，更令人印象深刻的，是它曾枯死三年，如今却重新抽枝发芽，再次枝繁叶茂。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">或许就像这棵老龙树一样，城市会消失，矿业会退场，但土地不会。东川，也仍在以自己的方式继续生长。</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="padding: 0px 12px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);text-align: right;font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">策划&</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 },namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:padding: 0px 12px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);text-align: right;font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:p,attributes:{style:margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},node,{tagName:strong,attributes:{style:box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}]">分镜</span></strong></strong><span leaf=""> | 小张</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">出镜 </span></strong><span leaf="">| 小张 逸轩</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">设计</span></strong><span leaf=""> | 秋瞳</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">剪辑&</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 },namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:padding: 0px 12px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);text-align: right;font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:p,attributes:{style:margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},node,{tagName:strong,attributes:{style:box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}]">动效</span></strong></strong><span leaf=""> | 兵线俊塔了</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">摄影</span></strong><span leaf=""> | 逸轩</span></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 30px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;height: 240px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(125, 125, 125);text-align: justify;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""> 昆明市东川区人民政府办公室. (2025). 东川区概况2024. Retrieved 10 December 2025 from </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">http://www.kmdc.gov.cn/c/2025-04-28/7002072.shtml.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""> </span><span leaf="">吴龙贵. (2025). </span><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 },namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:display: inline-block;width: 90%;height: 240px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:font-size: 13px;color: rgb(125, 125, 125);text-align: justify;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:p,attributes:{style:white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}]">【春城时评】要把公共洗手台这张名片越擦越亮. </span><span leaf="">开屏新闻. </span><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 },namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:display: inline-block;width: 90%;height: 240px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:section,attributes:{style:font-size: 13px;color: rgb(125, 125, 125);text-align: justify;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml},para,{tagName:p,attributes:{style:white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;},namespaceURI:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}]">Retrieved 10 December 2025</span><span leaf=""> from</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">https://www.ccwb.cn/content/202511/19/c822185.html.</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""> 昆明市东川区统计局. (2021). 东川区第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报.</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 30px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><p style="color:#999;font-size:.8em;margin-top:1em">转载声明：本文转载自微信公众平台 《中国唯一没有B车牌的省份，为什么是云南》</p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.0874bbs.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_csz" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 东川，位于云南省昆明市的最北端，是一座具有重要历史与文化背景的地方。以下是关于东川及其从“市”变“区”的详细说明：### 原因和历史背景
1. **东川的发展历程**：
- 东川因丰富的铜矿资源而兴起，清朝时期便有“天南铜都”的称号，全国每十枚铜币里，有七枚产自东川。
- 1958年，东川因矿设市，成为中国的一个重要工矿城市。
2. **资源枯竭与撤市设区**：
- 上世纪90年代初，东川的铜矿资源逐渐耗尽。随着资源的枯竭，矿业的主导地位不再。
- 1998年，东川撤市设区，划归昆明市管辖，成为昆明市的一个区。
### 车牌号的变化
- 当时，东川作为一个独立的市，获得了“云B”的车牌号。
- 撤市设区之后，车牌号“云B”随之取消，东川融入昆明市，使用昆明统一的车牌号“云A”。
### 当今的东川
- **经济发展**：
- 失去铜矿的支撑后，东川的经济在昆明市各区中相对落后，许多年轻人外出打工求生计。
- 第三产业逐渐成为主力，旅游业特别是以红土地景观为特色的旅游开发被寄予厚望。
- **旅游与文化**：
- 多年来的采矿留下了红土地景观，这片景区被誉为“上帝打翻的调色盘”，吸引不少摄影爱好者与游客。
- 红土地景区、汤丹铜文化馆等历史和文化景点成为当地的重要名片。
- **基础设施和生活条件**：
- 矿业带来的过往荣耀虽已远去，但东川的公共服务设施，如疫情期间铺设的公共洗手台等，得到较好维护，提升了居民的生活品质。
### 未来展望
- 东川虽然资源枯竭，但凭借其独特的红土地景观和矿业遗址，有望通过旅游业和第三产业重振经济。
- 尽管交通条件限制了旅游业的发展，但东川人仍然寻求以自己的方式继续前行和成长。
通过了解东川的历史和现状，我们可以看到，在面对资源枯竭和产业转型的挑战时，东川如何寻找新的发展道路，并不断适应和生长。
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